Regulation of Film on the UK
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Definition of representation
A horror film takes the audience into a supernatural place, whereas a thriller sticks to reality
Producers of media texts?
Distributors?
The ASA-The Advertising Standards Authority is the UK's independent regulator of advertising across all media. Advertising codes, written by the Committees of Advertising Practice are applied to these advertisements. Their work consists of acting on complaints and proactively checking the media to take action against harmful, misleading or offensive advertisements.
What is the PCC:
Why did it close: ... Examples:
Code of practice:
Big Brother- An episode of celebrity big brother received 70 complaints due to sexual content and bullying. One housemate endured sexual acts with another housemate which received 54 of the 70 complaints. The housemate who was "bullied" was not even aware of this or viewed the mocking of him as bullying. This show also received one complaint about food wastage.
Derren Brown's Seance- This episode, where 12 people were involved in contacting the dead received over 600 complaints, making it the most complained about TV programme of its year. 300 of these were made before the show aired. The context behind these complaints was due to religious groups being offended by the performance and worried how other people would see it. Factors to consider with your case studies
This film was banned due to a high level of sexual torture and sadistic imagery. It was said that this film was unacceptable for the public and were inconsistent with the BBFC guidelines. Also, under the Video Recordings Act (1984) the BBFC were obliged to have special disregard for any possible harm caused to the viewer or any behaviour in society. A Clockwork Orange (1971) (18) This film is a crime film which was adapted from Anthony Burgess’ novel, A Clockwork Orange. It shows disturbing, violent images caused by young offenders, and youth gangs. The main character leads a gang into raping people and the film later uses harsh footage to show his treatment for being a sociopath. This film resulted in a large series of copycat crimes, from people dressing up as the characters and re-enacting crimes from the film. Argo (2012) (15) This movie demonstrates dominant the term ideology by conveying 2 ideologies. This film uses a high amount of political content. The first ideology is that Americans are aggressive when it comes to foreign diplomacy, which in this case is directed toward Iran. The second ideology implies that the CIA are a great organisation and puts it in a very good light. Even though this film is over exaggerated, the content still gives an accurate representation of real life opinions. This was also given a higher rating due to 25 uses of strong language. For the film to be rated a 12, the strong language must be infrequent. This film also features content of a lynched corpse, which although is shown in the distance, relates to a real life image. The Interview (2014) (15) This film was a political comedy starring James Franco and Seth Rogen, focusing on the issues in North Korea. The content of the film includes and interview with the CIA, employing Franco and Rogen to assassinate Kim Jong-Un. Sony delayed the release of the film due to public opinion. This gave them the chance to alter the film, to fit this opinion. A group called the "Guardians of Peace" hacked Sony as a result of their "movie of terrorism". The hackers also threatened to aim an attack on New York as a result of the films release. This film also had a lot of sexual references and 3 uses of very strong language. Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) (15) This film portrays desensitisation, which is the theory that suggests an action on screen influences the behaviour of the audience. Here, a violent scene takes place, starring Colin Firth. A film focusing on the secret service in the UK is showing militarisation of young people to be very violent and encourages ignorance and a lack of morality in order to complete a job. Also, due to extreme amounts of violence, the first unfinished version of this film was rated an 18. Once a series of cuts were made, the film was re-rated at a 15. There is frequent use of strong language as well. The Human Centipede (2009) (18) This film breached the BBFC's "15" rating guidelines when the strong bloody violence was shown to inflict pain on the characters. The film also contained multiple uses of strong language, sexual references and infrequent, non-sexualised nudity. It was stated that this film was not in breach of the Obscene Publications Act 1959, as the film is so bizarre and far fetched there was no plausible risk of imitation. It created high moral panic due to the strong bloody violence, threat and horror. Tom Six, the director got his inspiration from Nazi medical experiments. Also, when approaching investors for the film, he failed to include the idea of the content of mouth to anus plot. Despite the critical reviews, the film still received a number of awards and international film festivals. The Human Centipede 2 (2011) (18) This film featured a character who intended to copy the aims in the first film. This also relates to copycat violence. This was banned due to increased sexualised content. This film was banned from release but the decision was overturned and was rated an 18, like the first film. This was however appealed, so the BBFC had input and they ended up making 32 cuts which meant the film was shorted by 2 minutes and 37 seconds. This film contains very strong bloody violence and sexualised violence, alongside frequent scenes of graphic male and female nudity. The Human Centipede 3 (2015) (18) This film is the final of the series and features a US prison guard creating the human centipede using inmates of a prison. This film shows strong bloody violence with sadistic elements, e.g. torture. There is also strong sexual references and strong sexual activity. Very strong language is also frequent throughout the film. 1. Read the following article http://allpsych.com/journal/violentmedia.html
Bullet point 5 key connections between children playing computer games and aggressive behaviour
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